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Borosilicate Glass, BK7
BK7 is one of the most common borosilicate
crown glass with high homogeneity and low
bubble content. BK7 is an excellent
all-around material widely used in visible
and NIR windows, lenses, and prisms.
Refractive Index, n: 1.51872 @
546.1nm
Transmission Range: 0.35 - 2.0µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 8.3 x
 /°C
at 30-300°C
Density: 2.51
g/
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UV Fused Silica(SiO2)
UV grade Fused Silica is synthetic amorphous
silicon dioxide of extremely high purity.
Properties include high UV transmission, low
thermal expansion coefficient, and high
damage threshold.
Refractive
Index, n: 1.50855 @ 250.0nm
Transmission Range: 0.18 -3.5µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 5.5 x
 /°C
at 0-200°C
Density: 2.20
g/
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Calcium Fluoride(CaF2)
Calcium Fluoride is a cubic single crystal
material grown using the vacuum stockbarger
technique with good vacuum UV to infrared
transmission. Care must be used when
thermally cycling CaF2.
Refractive
Index, n: 1.4349 @ 546.1nm
Transmission Range: 0.15 -9.0µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 1.75 x
 /°C
at -60-60°C
Density: 3.18
g/
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Magnesium Fluoride(MgF2)
Magnesium Fluoride is a positive
birefringent crystal grown using the vacuum
stockbarger technique with good vacuum UV to
IR transmission. MgF2 is resistant to
thermal and mechanical shock.
Refractive
Index, no/ne:
1.4231/1.4367 @ 200.0nm
Transmission Range: 0.13 -7.0µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 1.0 x
/°C
at -60-60°C
Density: 3.177
g/
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Crystal Quartz
Crystal Quartz is a positive uniaxial
birefringent single crystal grown using a
hydrothermal process. Due to its
birefringent nature, crystal quarts is most
commonly used for waveplates.
Refractive
Index, n: 1.54617/1.55535 @ 546.1nm
Transmission Range: 0.16 -2.5µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 7.1 x
/°C(ll),
7.1x/°C( )
Density: 2.649
g/
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Silicon(Si)
Silicon is used as a mirror substrate for
lasers because of its thermal conductivity,
light weight and hardness. Due to the strong
absorption at 9.0µ m, Silicon is widely used
for CO2
mirrors.
Refractive
Index, n: 3.436 @ 3.0
Transmission Range: 1.2 -8.0µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 2.55 x
/°C
at 20°C
Density: 2.329
g/
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Germanium(Ge)
Germanium is used widely for lenses and
windows in infrared laser systems. Germanium
is the hotter it gets the more the
absorption increases. At 200°C it becomes
non-transmisive.
Refractive
Index, n: 4.0106 @ 6.0µ
Transmission Range: 2.0 - 17.0µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 5.5 x
/°C
at -60-600°C
Density: 5.33
g/
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Zinc Selenide(ZnSe)
Zinc Selenide has a very low absorption
coefficient and is used extensively for high
power infrared laser optics. Zinc Selenide
is a relatively soft material and scratched
rather easily.
Refractive
Index, n: 2.4028 @ 10.6µ
Transmission Range: 0.63 -18.0µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 7.57 x
/°C
at 20°C
Density: 5.27
g/
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Zinc Sulfide(ZnS)
Zinc Sulfide is used in harsh environments
as it is harder and more resistant to
scratching. It can be used for infrared
windows in high speed aircraft and vacuum
applications.
Refractive
Index, n: 2.201 @ 10.6µ
Transmission Range: 0.4 -14.0µ
Thermal expansion coeff: 6.5 x
/°C
Density: 4.09
g/
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